Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by a persistent burning or tingling sensation in the mouth, which can affect the tongue, lips, gums, and the roof of the mouth. This sensation is often described as a scalding or painful feeling, and it may be accompanied by a dry mouth or altered taste, although there are no visible sores or lesions. The exact cause of BMS is often unclear, but several factors may contribute to the condition. Common causes include hormonal changes, such as those experienced during menopause, or medical conditions like diabetes, which can affect oral sensations. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly of vitamins like B12, folic acid, or iron, can also play a role. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or depression, are frequently associated with BMS. Additionally, certain medications, including those that cause dry mouth or have a metallic taste, may contribute to the syndrome. Treatment for burning mouth syndrome focuses on managing symptoms and addressing any underlying causes. For nutritional deficiencies, dietary adjustments or supplements may be recommended. If the condition is linked to medication, adjusting or changing the medication under a healthcare provider's guidance can help. Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling can also be beneficial. Saliva substitutes or oral rinses may provide temporary relief from burning sensations. If an underlying medical condition is identified, such as diabetes or hormonal imbalances, appropriate treatment for that condition may alleviate symptoms of BMS. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis and to develop a personalized treatment plan based on the specific causes and symptoms of burning mouth syndrome.
